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e-mail addresses:
For information or quotes, Phase I ESAs
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EEA's
SIS: High-quality Industrial Cooling - ADVANTAGES - |
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CCC: Closed Cycle Cooling - DISADVANTAGES - |
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EEA is actively involved in alternative energy and in improving the effectiveness of non-carbon emission generation. The increasing cost of oil and gas and desire for less energy dependence on foreign resources has resulted in renewed interest in sustainable sources of energy. The following discusses two viable options: nuclear power and Wind Energy.
In many parts of the country the jury of public opinion is still out on nuclear energy but in the climate of global warming many are taking an entirely new look at its carbonless generating capacity. Warren Buffett sunk nearly five billion in
Certainly a three page section in the Wall Street Journal did little to diminish interest in the energy source that supplies up to 70% of Europe’s clean energy while new means of re-burning spent fuel are rapidly being explored. At EEA interest in nuclear has not been an entirely new development and our attention and study appears to be bearing new fruit. In mid-summer we were asked to present at an EPA/DOE Workshop at Regional Headquarters in lower Manhattan. The focus was to bring energy professionals together to consider future energy policies in light of ever increasing carbon restrictions. It was an honor to be invited and we owe a great deal of gratitude to National Grid’s Robert Teetz for recommending us to Regional Director Alan Steinberg and Special Assistant Charles Harewood. Our subject matter was Nuclear Energy: Intake Entrainment and Thermal Water Discharge and our panel included the Director, License Renewal, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Deployment, Department of Energy; and Director, Office of Civilian Radio Active Waste Management, Department of Energy. In this arena, the primary thrust of our argument - an analysis of the cost of adopting compliant nuclear cooling - was not lost on our audience. EEA developed and patented a Substratum Intake System (SIS); a method of providing large volumes of high-quality industrial cooling water.
Patented in 2007, it was designed to meet compliance demands associated with the Clean Water Act of 1972; CWA Sections 316 a. and 316 b. Over the last twelve months we have found a very promising potential market for SIS in nuclear power generation. It began early in the year when we were approached to provide a plan to feed make-up water for a closed-cycle-cooling system (CCC) commonly thought of as large cooling towers, to be erected along with two new reactors. The location is a very environmentally sensitive area and the owners have considered SIS to be one of a very small number of potential solutions. By August, we were making another presentation to a nuclear utility that was trying to address a different situation, also in an environmentally sensitive area. Both stations are in NPDES states that have become increasingly stringent in their enforcement of CWA 316 in the past few years. It was apparent that, from their point of view, they should look toward the future and investigate their options should the U.S. Supreme Court uphold the Riverkeeper v. EPA decision of January 2007. In that decision, US Appellate Court in NY declared that the EPA had failed to enforce the rules to the extent of the law and henceforth would be required to do so. The appeal will be heard next month and should the decision stand, many generation stations in the country using Once-Through-Cooling, or OTC, will need a compliant technology to replace it. For that reason many are considering options long before licenses expire as it is widely believed that the only solution capable of meeting the conditions under CWA 316 is CCC. At a time when the country is making every effort to reduce wasteful energy consumption and erase carbon footprints CCC has serious drawbacks. Nowhere are these drawbacks more evident than in nuclear power. Simply stated, replacing OTC with CCC can cost upwards to one billion dollars in capital expenditure. Once construction is concluded maintenance and operation of the CCC will drain approximately 5% of the plant’s capacity to produce electricity for the life of the reactor. There’s more.Replacing the 5% will be in the form of new fossil fuel generation simply because it is impractical to build new replacement reactors at $6 billion each. Thus, the creation of a carbon footprint of significant size where none had existed before. Of course, under carbon cap & trade customers will then pick up a new fee (some call it a tax), on the generation required to replace the 5% capacity lost. Confusing, well yes, but I know you want to keep on going. For a variety of technical reasons, mostly chemical, a CCC’s life expectancy is rather short…15-20 years. Even if it is re-built it will cost $50-$80 million in today’s dollars to fix it and so a customer will never escape a continuing escalation in operation and maintenance costs. Nuclear power is at a disadvantage during the conversion process because of the cost of shutting reactors down. Like all generation units it cannot generate power during the conversion process. Customers will depend on the grid to operate at a greater capacity during the conversion or their supplier will have to buy power from outside the grid to make up the loss. Because of added distribution costs that energy will come at a higher price. It will take six months to a year per reactor to complete the retrofit. The plant owners will pay from $200 - $500 million to build the CCC during a period when they are losing enormous revenues. Someone will have to make up for those losses. These are the reasons why generation companies, especially nuclear owners, are looking for alternatives…a system that will cost less to build, less to operate and maintain; one that will never need replacement during the life of the plant, and beyond; and not require the plant to shut down during construction. Our solution, which is in final testing, is expected to do all that. It’s our system; we call it SIS, short for Substratum Intake System and that is why nuclear operators are so interested to learn more about it. Want to learn more, go to our website at:
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At present, the United States has an operating wind power capacity of 20,400 MW with an annual growth rate of 20%. In the US, Texas has the largest share of wind capacity with 5,800 MW, followed by California, Iowa and Minnesota. Worldwide, the wind power capacity is 105,700 MW. Germany, the US and Spain account for approximately 60% of the total. Offshore Wind Energy A greater interest is emerging for offshore wind energy. One big reason…wind regimes are more stable which is important in any energy generation. Offshore wind velocities are higher than onshore due to lack of friction from trees, building and terrain features. The Cape Wind project in Massachusetts is the most advanced offshore wind project in the US with the FEIS expected to be issued in the near future. The project encountered significant opposition, largely from political people with shorefront holdings.
Looking at another advanced project, Delmarva Power in Delaware has
signed a Purchase Power Agreement (PPA) with Blue Water Wind to build
turbines with total capacity of 200 MW off the coast of Delaware, with
expected completion in 2011.
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10/28/08